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Rays in constant-gradient velocity fields: a tutorial

THOMAS HERTWECK
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Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Geophysical Institute, Hertzstraße 16, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany.,
JSE 2020, 29(6), 527–548;
Submitted: 24 February 2020 | Accepted: 16 July 2020 | Published: 1 December 2020
© 2020 by the Authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC-by the license) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
Abstract

Hertweck, T., 2020. Rays in constant-gradient velocity fields: a tutorial. Journal of Seismic Exploration, 29: 527-548. Ray theory is a high-frequency approximation to the wave equation and can be used to calculate seismic wavefields in 3D inhomogeneous Earth models. In general, the corresponding raytracing equations have to be solved numerically. However, for certain simplified models such as, for instance, an Earth described by a constant-gradient velocity field, the solutions of the raytracing system can be obtained analytically. In this tutorial the fundamental concepts are explained, the most important equations and their solution are presented, and examples highlighting the analytical nature of describing rays in constant-gradient velocity fields are shown. This tutorial is meant to complement text books where for space reasons detailed mathematical derivations are often neglected.

Keywords
ray theory
tutorial
eikonal
ray
slowness
wavefront
traveltime
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Journal of Seismic Exploration, Electronic ISSN: 0963-0651 Print ISSN: 0963-0651, Published by AccScience Publishing