ARTICLE

A robust method of extracting angle-domain common-image gathers from shot-profile wave equation migration

JIANGJIE ZHANG
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Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.,
JSE 2012, 21(3), 267–280;
Submitted: 9 June 2025 | Revised: 9 June 2025 | Accepted: 9 June 2025 | Published: 9 June 2025
© 2025 by the Authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC-by the license) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
Abstract

Zhang, J., 2012. A robust method of extracting angle-domain common-image gathers from shot-profile wave equation migration. Journal of Seismic Exploration, 21: 267-280. Shot-profile pre-stack depth migration is quite attractive for sparse-shot wide-azimuth geometries. Meanwhile, angle-domain common-image gathers (ADCIGs) have become an essential tool in seismic processing. After revisiting the popular schemes of extracting ADCIGs, we present a robust method to estimate the incident-angle field and extract ADCIGs from shot-profile wave equation migration. The cosines of the incident-angle can be estimated from the ratios between the square roots of the angle-weighted image gathers’ Laplacian operators and the amplitude values from the conventional common-image gathers. The angle-weighted image gathers can be extracted by multiplying an extra imaging weight including local propagation velocity and angular frequency in conventional shot-profile wave-equation migration process, while the conventional common-image gathers are obtained using the cross-correlation imaging condition. A stable division at selected wave crests with large amplitude ensures the stability and avoids noise interference. Finally, we separate the shot-domain common-image gathers (SDCIGs) into different angle bins using incident-angle field to extract ADCIGs. Numerical examples demonstrate that the method is stable and memory-efficient and independent of structural dips.

Keywords
shot-profile wave equation migration
common-image gathers
incident-angle
structural dip
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Journal of Seismic Exploration, Electronic ISSN: 0963-0651 Print ISSN: 0963-0651, Published by AccScience Publishing