AccScience Publishing / JSE / Online First / DOI: 10.36922/JSE026130056
Submit to JSE
Cite this article
23
Download
856
Views
Journal Browser
Volume | Year
Issue
Search
Forthcoming Issue
Current Issue
View All
News and Announcements
View All
REVIEW ARTICLE

Advances in marine deep seismic exploration technology: A review

Yuping Liu1,2 ,  Wenbin Jiang1,2 ,  Zhen Yang1,2 ,  Haohao Zhang1,2 ,  Baojin Zhang1,2*
Show Less
1 Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
2 National Engineering Research Center for Gas Hydrate Exploration and Development, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
JSE, 026130056 https://doi.org/10.36922/JSE026130056
Received: 27 March 2026 | Revised: 19 May 2026 | Accepted: 20 May 2026 | Published online: 1 July 2026
© 2026 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
Download PDF
XML
Cite
Abstract

Marine deep seismic exploration is a core technique for imaging deep submarine structures and supporting marine resource exploration. This paper reviews recent advances in the acquisition, processing, and integrated interpretation of marine deep seismic exploration. Major acquisition technologies include large-source long-streamer, wide-line, ocean bottom seismometer (OBS), dual-ship acquisition, and marine distributed acoustic sensing. These methods differ in penetration depth, resolution, operational efficiency, and cost: streamer systems provide high-resolution shallow-to-mid-crust imaging, while OBS enables robust wide-angle refraction recording for deep-velocity modeling. Processing advances focus on noise and multiple suppression, ghost elimination, broadband reconstruction, high-precision velocity modeling, and Moho imaging. Inversion methods include traveltime tomography, full-waveform inversion, and multi-parameter joint inversion, which provide quantitative constraints on crustal velocity and lithology. Integrated interpretation combines seismic with gravity, magnetic, magnetotelluric, and geological data to reduce non-uniqueness. This review clarifies technical strengths, limitations, and suitable scenarios of each method. Future development will move toward broadband, intelligent, autonomous, and multi-physics integrated systems for deeper, higher-precision imaging of oceanic lithospheric structures.

Keywords
Marine deep seismic exploration
Wide-angle refraction seismic
Reflection seismic
Ocean bottom seismometer
Joint inversion
Deep geological structure
Funding
This study was supported by the China Geological Survey Projects (Nos. DD20201118; DD20240090), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 42506067 and 92262304), and the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Nos. 2023A1515010898 and 2026A1515012240).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
References
  1. Brown L, Barazangi M, Kaufman S, Oliver J. The first decade of COCORP: 1974-1984. In: Barazangi M, Brown L, eds. Reflection Seismology: A Global Perspective. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union; 1986:107-120. doi: 10.1029/gd013p0107

 

  1. Clowes R, Cook F, Hajnal Z, et al. Canada’s Lithoprobe Project (collaborative, multidisciplinary geoscience research leads to new understanding of continental evolution). Episodes. 1999;22(1):3-20. doi: 10.18814/epiiugs/1999/v22i1/002

 

  1. Klemperer SL, Brown LD, Oliver JE, Ando CJ, Czuchra BL, Kaufman S. Some results of COCORP seismic reflection profiling in the Greenville-age Adirondack Mountains. Can J Earth Sci. 1985;22(2):141-153. doi: 10.1139/e85-013

 

  1. Audhkhasi P, Singh SC. Discovery of distinct lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary and the Gutenberg discontinuity in the Atlantic Ocean. Sci Adv. 2022;8(45):eabn5404. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abn5404

 

  1. Li S, Liu Z, Yan J, Zhao J. Gao fenbian shen fanshe dizhen tance caiji chuli guanjian jishu zongshu [Review on the key techniques for high resolution deep reflection seismic acquisition and processing]. Prog Geophys. 2020;35:1400- 1409. [In Chinese]. doi: 10.6038/pg2020DD0098

 

  1. Qiu X, Zhao M, Ao W, et al. Nanhai xinan ci hai pen yu nansha di kuai de OBS tan ce he di qiao jie gou [OBS survey and crustal structure of the southwest sub-basin and Nansha Block, South China Sea]. Chin J Geophys. 2011;54:3117- 3128. [In Chinese]. doi: 10.1002/cjg2.1680

 

  1. Qiu X, Zhao M, Xu H, et al. Nanhai shen dizhen tance de zhongyao kexue jincheng: huigu he zhanwang [Important processes of deep seismic surveys in the South China Sea: retrospection and expectation]. J Trop Oceanogr. 2012;31:1- 9. [In Chinese]. doi: 10.11978/j.issn.1009-5470.2012.03.001

 

  1. Yilmaz Ö. Seismic Data Analysis: Processing, Inversion, and Interpretation of Seismic Data. Tulsa, OK: Society of Exploration Geophysicists; 2001. doi: 10.1190/1.9781560801580

 

  1. Liu LH, Hao TY, Lü CC, et al. Crustal structure of Bohai Sea and adjacent area (North China) from two onshore-offshore wide-angle seismic survey lines. J Asian Earth Sci. 2015;98:457-469. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.11.034

 

  1. Oliver J, Cook F, Brown L. Cocorp and the continental crust. J Geophys Res. 1983;88(B4):3329-3347. doi: 10.1029/jb088ib04p03329

 

  1. Chadwick RA, Pharaoh TC. The seismic reflection Moho beneath the United Kingdom and adjacent areas. Tectonophysics. 1998;299(4):255-279. doi: 10.1016/S0040-1951(98)00193-0

 

  1. Matthews DH. Progress in BIRPS deep seismic reflection profiling around the British Isles. Tectonophysics. 1990;173(1- 4):387-396. doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(90)90232-W

 

  1. Finetti IR, Boccaletti M, Bonini M, et al. Crustal section based on CROP seismic data across the North Tyrrhenian- Northern Apennines-Adriatic Sea. Tectonophysics. 2001;343(3-4):135-163. doi: 10.1016/S0040-1951(01)00141-X

 

  1. Finetti IR. Innovative CROP seismic highlights on the Mediterranean region. In: Crescenti U, D’Offizi S, Merlini S, eds. Special Volume of the Italian Geological Society for the IGC 32 Florence. Geology of Italy. 2004:131-140. Accessed February 2, 2026. http://hdl.handle.net/11368/1687412

 

  1. Yu J, Niu X, Jin Z, et al. Fentishi haidi dizhenyi ji qi zai beibingyang jiake yangzhongji de shiyan [The seismometer-detached ocean bottom seismograph and its experiments in the Gakkel Ridge]. Acta Seismol Sin. 2025;47:284-296. [In Chinese]. doi: 10.11939/jass.20220230152

 

  1. Zhao W, Liu K, Zhang X, et al. Zhongguo dongbu haiyu zhudong yuan haidi dizhenyi tance chengguo: dui shenbu gouzao yu yanhua guocheng de xin renshi [Results of active source ocean bottom seismograph exploration in the eastern China seas: new understanding of deep structures and evolution processes]. Chin J Geophys. 2025;68:4942-4959. [In Chinese]. doi: 10.6038/cjg2025T0158

 

  1. Xu C, Xi M, Wang P. Kuan xian jishu zai donghai nanbu dizhen ziliao chuli zhong de yingyong yanjiu [Application of wide-line technology in seismic data processing in the Southern East China Sea]. Offshore Oil. 2020;40:19-23. [In Chinese]. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-2336.2020.01.019

 

  1. Chen J, Xu M, Lei B, Shi J, Liu J. Huabei-yangzi bankuai pengzhuang jiegou de shibie: lai zi nan huanghai haiyu de zhengju [Collision of North China and Yangtze Plates: evidence from the South Yellow Sea]. Mar Geol Quat Geol. 2020;40(3):1-12. [In Chinese]. doi: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2019070902

 

  1. Zhao M, Yuan Y, Zhang C, et al. OBS2018-H2 cexian fanshe yu zheshe shuju lianhe jieshi nanhai beibu luyuan yanglu zhuanhuandai de shenbu dizhen jiegou [Deep seismic structure of the continent-ocean transition in the northern margin of the South China Sea revealed by jointly reflective and refractive data along OBS2018-H2 profile]. Chin J Geophys. 2022;65:2210-2225. [In Chinese]. doi: 10.6038/cjg2022P0793

 

  1. Zhang Z, Wang Z, Xuan Y, Yu G. Haishang tuolan kuanxian lilun ji qi zai nanhai chaoshan aoxian zhongshengjie diceng zhong de shiyan xiaoguo fenxi [The marine streamer wide-line theory and its test effect analysis on Mesozoic in South China Sea]. J Oil Gas Technol. 2012;34:57-61. [In Chinese].

 

  1. Zhong G, Zhang L, Deng G, et al. Chang pailie da rongliang zhun sanwei dizhen kancha jishu zai tuanliu haiqu de yingyong [Application of long-streamer and large-capacity quasi-3D seismic survey technology in turbulent sea areas]. Geophys Geochem Explor. 2022;46(2):402-409. [In Chinese]. doi: 10.11720/wtyht.2022.2372

 

  1. Qi B. Haidi dizhenyi ji dianhuohua zhenyuan tuolan dizhen ziliao chuli fangfa yanjiu [Research on ocean bottom seismometer and spark source cable seismic data processing methods]. Dissertation. Wuhan: China University of Geosciences; 2020. [In Chinese].

 

  1. Liu W, Liu Y, Wang J, Zhang J, Wu Z, Yang T. Haidi dizhenyi yu tuolan guance xitong de lianhe zoushi cengxi haishui sudu jianmo [Joint traveltime tomography for seawater based on ocean bottom seismometer and towed streamer observations]. Chin J Geophys. 2023;67:2378-2387. [In Chinese]. doi: 10.6038/cjg2023R0316

 

  1. Zeng X, Wei C, Li F, Zhai J. Nanhai beibu haiyu youqi ziyuan diaocha jishu ji qi yingyong yanjiu——tuolan ji haidi dizhenyi lianhe kantan guance xitong yanjiu [Study on the application of oil-gas exploration technologies in the north of the South China Sea: towline and OBS joint seismic survey]. J Ocean Technol. 2015;34:114-118. [In Chinese].

 

  1. Li F, Wei C, Hu J, Deng G, Yi H, Zhong G. Haiyang erwei shuang chuan tuolan yu kuan pindai dizhen caiji shiyan [A dual-vessel broadband seismic acquisition experiment]. Oil Geophys Prospect. 2018;53:887-895. [In Chinese]. doi: 10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.2018.05.001

 

  1. Wang G, Lu Z, Li W, et al. Shen dizhen fanshe poumian tance jishu fazhan xianzhuang [Development status of deep seismic reflection profile detection technology]. Rev Geophys Planet Phys. 2023;54:120-139. [In Chinese]. doi: 10.19975/j.dqyxx.2021-055

 

  1. Xing T, Zhan W, Li F, Chen X. Dongsha haiyu fuza haikuang xia danyuan danlan chang pailie dizhen ziliao chuli [Single-source, single-cable, long-array seismic data processing in complex sea conditions of Dongsha Sea area]. J Trop Oceanogr. 2020;39:91-99. [In Chinese]. doi: 10.11978/j.issn.1009-5470.2019097

 

  1. Gao S, Zhang M, Chen H. Da zhenyuan chang lan shen chenfang dizhen caiji jishu zai nanhuanghai zhong gushengdai pendi de yingyong [A large-scale seismic source, deep gun and cable sinking and long cable length application in Mesozoic-Paleozoic basin in the South Huanghai Sea]. Mar Geol Quat Geol. 2014;34(1):95-101. [In Chinese]. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1140.2014.01095

 

  1. van Borselen RG, Long AS, von Abendorff E, Purves M, Norris J. Simultaneous long offset (SLO): A case study in long offset geostreamer seismic acquisition & processing. In: SEG Annual Meeting. Society of Exploration Geophysicists; 2016.

 

  1. Aghaei O, Nedimovic MR, Carton H, Carbotte SM, Canales JP, Mutter JC. Crustal thickness and Moho character of the fast-spreading East Pacific Rise from 9°42′N to 9°57′N from poststack-migrated 3-D MCS data. Geochem Geophys Geosyst. 2014;15(3):634-657. doi: 10.1002/2013GC005069

 

  1. Chang JH, Hsieh HH, Mirza A, et al. Crustal structure north of the Taiping Island (Itu Aba Island), southern margin of the South China Sea. J Asian Earth Sci. 2017;142:119-133. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.08.005

 

  1. Michon D. Wide-line profiling offers advantages. Geo Report. 1972;70:117-120.

 

  1. Merland J. Wide line profiling in offshore operations. SEG Tech Rep. 1973;27-38.

 

  1. Liang S, Wang S. Subei tanggang diqu dizhen kuan xian shiyan he xiaoguo [Wide-line experiment and its effect in Tang-Gang region, North Jiangsu]. Geophys Prospect Pet. 1981;20:12-22. [In Chinese].

 

  1. Shen F, Yang Q. Dizhen kuan xian fangfa de yingyong he xiaoguo [The practice of wide line profiling and its effectiveness]. Geophys Prospect Pet. 1983;22:1-17. [In Chinese].

 

  1. Liu G, Li X. CYBER170-720 kuan xian poumian ziliao chuli ji xiaoguo [Data-processing of wide line profiling by CYBER170-720 and its effect]. Geophys Prospect Pet. 1984;23:41-64. [In Chinese].

 

  1. Wu Z, Xiao G, Dong H. Jiyu nan huanghai pendi haixiang youqi de haiyang liti kuan xian dizhen kantan jishu shexiang [A suggestion of marine tridimensional wide line seismic technique for exploration of marine carbonate reservoir in the South Yellow Sea Basin]. Mar Geol Front. 2012;28:56-60. [In Chinese]. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-2722.2012.08.003

 

  1. Yongqing H, Donglei T, Haizhong T. A wide line acquisition case for overthrust nappe structure of Kulong Mountain in Jiuquan basin. In: SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2003. Society of Exploration Geophysicists; 2003:19-21. doi: 10.1190/1.1817720

 

  1. Chen M, Niu H, Zhao X. Haiyang kuan xian dizhen chengxiang fangfa ji xiaoguo fenxi [Analysis on the effects of imaging methods with offshore wide-line seismic data]. Offshore Oil. 2015;35(1):1-8. [In Chinese]. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-2336.2015.01.001

 

  1. Zhang J, Li J, Ruan A, et al. Seismic structure of a Postspreading Seamount emplaced on the fossil spreading center in the southwest subbasin of the South China Sea. J Geophys Res Solid Earth. 2020;125(10):e2020JB019827. doi: 10.1029/2020JB019827

 

  1. Chen Y. Nanhai shuang chuan dizhen kantan gailun [Introduction to dual-ship seismic exploration in the South China Sea]. Prog Geophys. 1992;7(3):58-72. [In Chinese].

 

  1. Li Y. Jizhong shuang chuan dizhen shigong fangfa [Several kinds of operation methods for undershooting mode in marine exploration]. Geophys Prospect Equip. 2014;24:298- 301. [In Chinese].

 

  1. Yao B, Wang J. Haishang direliu celiang yu shuang chuan dizhen [Marine geothermal flow measurement and dual-ship seismic]. Mar Geol Front. 1985;8:6-8. [In Chinese].

 

  1. Yao BC. Zhongmei lianhe diaocha nan zhongguohai nianqing de beidong dalu bianyuan [Sino-US joint survey of the young passive continental margin of the South China Sea]. Mar Geol Front. 1985;12:14. [In Chinese].

 

  1. Bian D, Zhang B, Liu Y, Xu Y, Zhang R, Peng K. Nanhai shen fanshe dizhen guanjian chuli jishu yanjiu ji yingyong [Research and application of deep reflection seismic processing technology in South China Sea]. Acta Sci Nat Univ Sunyatseni. 2022;61(1):74-83. [In Chinese]. doi: 10.13471/j.cnki.acta.snus.2021D055

 

  1. Liu Y, Wang L, Zhang H, Lu Y, Li F, Jiang W. Deep reflection seismic data for improved imaging of crust structure: 2D case study of the southwest subbasin in the South China Sea. Interpretation. 2024;12(2):SA51-SA69. doi: 10.1190/INT-2023-0076.1

 

  1. Chen N, Li C, Wen Y, Wang P, Zhao X, Wan X. Seismic multiple attenuation in the continent-ocean transition zone of the northern South China Sea. J Mar Sci Eng. 2023;11(1):227. doi: 10.3390/jmse11010227

 

  1. Deng G, Ding L, Li F, Zhang B. Haiyang chang pailie danyuan danlan zhun sanwei zhai fangwei dizhen ziliao chuli jishu [Marine long-array single-source single-streamer quasi-3D narrow-azimuth seismic data processing technology]. Geophys Geochem Explor. 2019;43(4):828-834. [In Chinese]. doi: 10.11720/wtyht.2019.1194

 

  1. Ye Y, Fu LY, Mi L, et al. Deep-sea oil and gas plow-type cable broadband wide-azimuth 3D seismic acquisition and imaging. Sci China Earth Sci. 2025;68(3):683-701. doi: 10.1007/s11430-024-1492-3

 

  1. Kragh E, Brice T, Curtis T, Heim J, Kapadia D, Svendsen M. Efficient broadband marine acquisition and processing for improved resolution and deep imaging. Leading Edge. 2010;29(4):464-469. doi: 10.1190/1.3378309

 

  1. Ildefonse B, Christie DM, the Mission Moho Workshop Steering Committee. Mission Moho Workshop: Drilling Through the Oceanic Crust to the Mantle. Sci Dril. 2007;4:11-18. doi: 10.5194/sd-4-11-2007

 

  1. Tsuji T, Nakamura Y, Tokuyama H, Coffin MF, Koda K. Oceanic crust and Moho of the Pacific Plate in the eastern Ogasawara Plateau region. Island Arc. 2007;16(3):361-373. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1738.2007.00589.x

 

  1. Zhang J, Yang G, Tan Wu H, Wang J. Mapping the Moho depth and ocean-continent transition in the South China Sea using gravity inversion. J Asian Earth Sci. 2021;218:104864. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2021.104864

 

  1. Wu ZC, Gao JY, Ding WW, et al. The Moho depth of the South China Basin from three-dimensional gravity inversion with constraint points and its characteristics. Chin J Geophys. 2017;60(4):368-383. doi: 10.1002/cjg2.30053

 

  1. Gozzard S, Kusznir N, Franke D, Cullen A, Reemst P, Henstra G. South China Sea crustal thickness and oceanic lithosphere distribution from satellite gravity inversion. Pet Geosci. 2019;25(1):112-128. doi: 10.1144/petgeo2016-162

 

  1. Yen HY, Lo YT, Yeh YL, et al. The Crustal thickness of the Philippine Sea Plate derived from gravity data. Terr Atmos Ocean Sci. 2015;26(3):253-259. doi: 10.3319/TAO.2014.11.17.01(T)

 

  1. Ding W, Li J. Conjugate margin pattern of the Southwest Sub‐basin, South China Sea: insights from deformation structures in the continent‐ocean transition zone. Geol J. 2016;51(S1):524-534. doi: 10.1002/gj.2733

 

  1. Davy RG, Morgan JV, Minshull TA, et al. Resolving the fine-scale velocity structure of continental hyperextension at the deep Galicia margin using full-waveform inversion. Geophys J Int. 2018;212(1):244-263. doi: 10.1093/gji/ggx415

 

  1. Lü C, Hao T, Lin J, Qiu X. The Role of rifting in the development of the continental margins of the southwest subbasin, South China Sea: insights from an OBS experiment. Mar Geophys Res. 2017;38(1-2):105-123. doi: 10.1007/s11001-016-9295-y

 

  1. Pichot T, Delescluse M, Chamot-Rooke N, et al. Deep crustal structure of the conjugate margins of the SW South China Sea from wide-angle refraction seismic data. Mar Pet Geol. 2014;58:627-643. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2013.10.008

 

  1. Kakhkhorov U, Weibul WW, Raknes EB, Kodaira S, Fujie G, Arntsen B. Full waveform inversion of ocean bottom seismometer data from the oceanic Pacific Plate of the Japan trench. Geophys J Int. 2024;238(3):1790-1806. doi: 10.1093/gji/ggae246

 

  1. Zhang Y, Xia S, Cao J, et al. Extensional Tectonics and Post- Rift Magmatism in the Southern South China Sea: New Constraints from Multi-Channel Seismic Data. Mar Pet Geol. 2020;117:104396. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104396

 

  1. Yu J, Yan P, Wang Y, et al. Seismic evidence for Tectonically dominated seafloor spreading in the southwest sub-basin of the South China Sea. Geochem Geophys Geosyst. 2018;19(9):3459-3477. doi: 10.1029/2018GC007819

 

  1. Yu Z, Li J, Ding W, Zhang J, Ruan A, Niu X. Crustal structure of the southwest subbasin, South China Sea, from wide-angle seismic tomography and seismic reflection imaging. Mar Geophys Res. 2017;38(1-2):85-104. doi: 10.1007/s11001-016-9284-1

 

  1. Boddupalli B, Minshull TA, Morgan J, Bayrakci G, Klaeschen D. Comparison of 2-D and 3-D full waveform inversion imaging using wide-angle seismic data from the deep Galicia margin. Geophys J Int. 2021;227(1):228-256. doi: 10.1093/gji/ggab164

 

  1. Qin Y, Singh SC. Insight into frontal seismogenic zone in the Mentawai locked region from seismic full waveform inversion of ultra-long offset streamer data. Geochem Geophys Geosyst. 2018;19(11):4342-4365. doi: 10.1029/2018GC007787

 

  1. Zhao J, Li Z, Lin J, et al. Nanhai diqu dizhen beijing zaosheng chengxiang yu qiaoman shen bu jiegou [Ambient noise tomography and deep structure in the crust and mantle of the South China Sea]. Chin J Geophys. 2019;62:2070-2087. [In Chinese]. doi: 10.6038/cjg2019M0138

 

  1. Chen H, Li Z, Luo Z, et al. Crust and upper mantle structure of the South China Sea and adjacent areas from the joint inversion of ambient noise and earthquake surface wave dispersions. Geochem Geophys Geosyst. 2021;22(3):e2020GC009356. doi: 10.1029/2020GC009356

 

  1. Li YH, Huang HB, Grevemeyer I, Qiu X, Zhang H, Wang Q. Crustal structure beneath the Zhongsha Block and the Adjacent Abyssal Basins, South China Sea: new insights into rifting and initiation of seafloor spreading. Gondwana Res. 2021;99:53-76. doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2021.06.015

 

  1. Sauter D, Werner P, Ceuleneer G, et al. Sub-axial deformation in oceanic lower crust: insights from seismic reflection profiles in the Enderby Basin and comparison with the Oman ophiolite. Earth Planet Sci Lett. 2021;554:116698. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116698

 

  1. Lu Z, Gao R, Wang H, Li W, Li H. Shen dizhen fanshe poumian shang de “liangdian” gouzao [Bright spot in deep seismic reflection profiles]. Prog Geophys. 2014;29:2518- 2525. [In Chinese]. doi: 10.6038/pg20140606

 

  1. Liang Y, Delescluse M, Qiu Y, et al. Décollements, detachments, and rafts in the extended crust of dangerous ground, South China Sea: the role of inherited contacts. Tectonics. 2019;38(6). doi: 10.1029/2018TC005418

 

  1. Chang SP, Pubellier M, Delescluse M, et al. Crustal architecture and evolution of the southwestern South China Sea: implications to continental breakup. Mar Pet Geol. 2022;136:105450. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2021.105450

 

  1. Li Y, Grevemeyer I, Huang H, Qiu X, Xu Z. Seismic constraint from Vp/Vs ratios on the structure and composition across the continent-ocean transition zone, South China Sea. Geophys Res Lett. 2021;48(16):e2021GL094656. doi: 10.1029/2021GL094656

 

  1. Thiel S, Goleby BR, Pawley MJ, Heinson G. AusLAMP 3D MT imaging of an intracontinental deformation zone, Musgrave Province, Central Australia. Earth Planets Space. 2020;72(1):98. doi: 10.1186/s40623-020-01223-0

 

  1. Bécel A, Shillington DJ, Nedimović MR, Webb SC, Kuehn H. Origin of dipping structures in fast-spreading oceanic lower crust offshore Alaska imaged by multichannel seismic data. Earth Planet Sci Lett. 2015;424:26-37. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.05.016

 

  1. Corseri R, Planke S, Gelius LJ, Faleide JI, Senger K, Abdelmalak MM. Magnetotelluric image of a hyper-extended and serpentinized rift system. Earth Planet Sci Lett. 2023;602:117914. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117914

 

  1. Ding WW, Li JB, Clift PD, et al. Spreading dynamics and sedimentary process of the southwest sub-basin, South China Sea: constraints from multi-channel seismic data and IODP expedition 349. J Asian Earth Sci. 2016;115:97-113. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.09.013

 

  1. Sun Z, Ding W, Zhao X, et al. The latest spreading periods of the South China Sea: new constraints from macrostructure analysis of IODP expedition 349 cores and geophysical data. J Geophys Res Solid Earth. 2019;124(10):9980-9998. doi: 10.1029/2019JB017584

 

  1. Huang HB, Qiu XL, Pichot T, et al. Seismic structure of the northwestern margin of the South China Sea: implication for asymmetric continental extension. Geophys J Int. 2019;218(2):1246-1261. doi: 10.1093/gji/ggz219
Share
Back to top
Journal of Seismic Exploration, Electronic ISSN: 0963-0651 Print ISSN: 0963-0651, Published by AccScience Publishing
We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience.
Read more about our cookies here
Accept