AccScience Publishing / JSE / Online First / DOI: 10.36922/JSE026150063
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Adaptive time-varying narrowband filtering for seismic phase identification using controlled accurate seismic sources: Principles and applications

Zhengshuai Zhang1,2† ,  Bo Li1†* ,  Yang Zhao3 ,  Zhiyuan Ren1 ,  Tengchao Dong1,2
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1 Shandong Earthquake Agency, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
2 Low-Rate Transpressional Tectonics Observation and Research Station, Tancheng, Shandong, China
3 Geological Team of Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
†These authors contributed equally to this work.
JSE, 026150063 https://doi.org/10.36922/JSE026150063
Received: 7 April 2026 | Revised: 15 June 2026 | Accepted: 29 June 2026 | Published online: 14 July 2026
© 2026 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

The controlled accurate seismic source (CASS), with its advantages of minimal impact on the deployment site and high repeatability, provides a possible technical approach for high-precision dynamic monitoring of regional-scale crustal structure and physical parameters. However, the continuous signal generated by CASS rapidly attenuates with increasing propagation distance. Unlike processing waveforms from impulsive events such as earthquakes or explosive sources, identifying seismic phases from CASS sources remains a challenging task. This challenge prevents the wide application of CASS sources. In this paper, we design a time-varying narrowband filter and apply it to the CASS source frequency correction model. From the filtering results, the model can effectively correct the frequency sweep curve. In addition, we develop a new global seismic phase scanning (GSPS) algorithm to identify seismic phases propagating through the lithosphere. We processed the seismic data from the 40-ton CASS during the field experiment around the Xinfengjiang reservoir. The results obtained with the GSPS method are compared with theoretical phase travel times, and the proposed algorithm clearly yields the seismic phase distribution. Meanwhile, leveraging the narrowband characteristics of the designed time-varying filter, we innovatively achieve effective separation of seismic phases. The proposed GSPS algorithm achieves O (N×M) time complexity, where N is the number of time shifts, and M is the processing window length, providing efficient seismic phase detection with linear scaling in analysis duration. Furthermore, the algorithm applied to CASS data offers valuable insights for processing linear frequency modulation (LFM) signals in other research fields.

Keywords
Controlled accurate seismic source
Linear frequency modulation
Resonator
Time-varying filter
Signal detection
Funding
This work was jointly supported by Research and Application of Mine Microseismic Monitoring Technology (Grant No. YW2306), the Science and Technology Innovation Team for Artificial Intelligence Technology in Earthquake Monitoring and Prediction (Grant No. TD202405), and the Data Fusion and Information Services Team (Grant No. TD202403) of the Shandong Earthquake Agency.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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Journal of Seismic Exploration, Electronic ISSN: 0963-0651 Print ISSN: 0963-0651, Published by AccScience Publishing
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