Reducing the pressure on data acquisition and processing: I Multishooting of single-shot data

In some E&P organizations, the amount of data required to image the subsurface has now risen to several terabytes per survey, especially when multiple azimuths are considered. For the processing of converted-wave data, this amount of data rises even further, by twofold or threefold, depending on the components of particle velocity under consideration. The processing time also increases severalfold. In other words, petroleum seismologists are close to reaching a brick wall, if we have not already done so, in regard to the amount of data that we can realistically collect and properly process. In my recent book on coding and decoding, I introduced the concept of multishooting to address the problem. The idea is that seismic waves can be generated from several locations simultaneously (or nearly simultaneously, by introducing small time delays between the shooting points) instead of one single-source location at a time, as is currently the case. Significant savings in time and money in acquiring, processing, and even storing seismic data can be achieved by using this concept. However, the implementation of this concept in actual data acquisition and data processing may take some time, as a number of the solutions associated with multishooting acquisition and with the processing of multishot data require significant modifications of our current practices. In this series of papers, we propose some ideas which may be less effective than the multishooting concept, but can readily be implemented without significant new developments in acquisition or processing. In this first paper, we consider data collected in the standard form (i.e., from one single-source location at a time). We propose to group these data as if they were acquired with the multishooting technique and process them as multishot data. By doing so, we reduce the size of our data and processing time.
- Ikelle, L.T., Amundsen, L., Gangi, A. and Wyatt, S., 2001. Kirchhoff scattering series: Insight intothe multiple attenuation method. Geophysics, 68: 16-28.
- Ikelle, L.T. and Amundsen, L., 2005. An Introduction to Petroleum Seismology. Investigations inGeophysics. SEG, Tulsa, OK.
- Weglein, A.B. and Dragoset, W.H., 2005. Multiple Attenuation. Reprint series: Investigations inGeophysics. SEG, Tulsa, OK.102 IKELLE
- Let us emphasize that the demultiple solution described in (4) and (5) andillustrated in Figs. 4 and 5 is valid, irrespective of the encoding system ofmixtures. For example, we can encode the mixtures with time delays associatedwith single-shot points varying from one multishot array to another, evenrandomly varying, or with no time delays between single-shot points at all.
- Table 2 summarizes the key steps of this demultiple. Let us also emphasize thatafter the demultiple process, we can throw away the only single-shot data,
- Vo(Xnm>sX,), involved in these computations and carry on the imaging withdemultiple multishot data only.
- Table 2. A summary of the key steps in demultipling single-shot data in a multishooting form.Step I: Input N x I single-shot gathers.
- Step 2: Create a second dataset by grouping the N x I single-shot gathers into N multishot gathers,as described in (6).
- Step 3: Use a demultiple algorithm like the one in (4)-(6) to attenuate free-surface multiples ofmultishot data. Throw away any single-shot data and carry on the remaining with multishotdata only.
- Step 4: Use any migration algorithms for which the input data are in the shot-gather domain toestimate the velocity model and the final migration.CONCLUSIONS
- We have described one way of decreasing the pressure of data processingby reducing the amount of data that are output from the demultiple process andby reducing the computation time of the demultiple process. We also suggestthat the imaging process occurring after the demultiple be carried out withmultishot data rather than reverting to single-shot data.ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- We would like to thank the sponsors of the CASP project for theircomments and suggestions during the review process.REFERENCES
- Ikelle, L.T., Amundsen, L., Gangi, A. and Wyatt, S., 2001. Kirchhoff scattering series: Insight intothe multiple attenuation method. Geophysics, 68: 16-28.
- Ikelle, L.T. and Amundsen, L., 2005. An Introduction to Petroleum Seismology. Investigations inGeophysics. SEG, Tulsa, OK.
- Weglein, A.B. and Dragoset, W.H., 2005. Multiple Attenuation. Reprint series: Investigations inGeophysics. SEG, Tulsa, OK.