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ARTICLE

Reducing the pressure on data acquisition and processing: I Multishooting of single-shot data

Luc T. Ikelle
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CASP Project, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3115, U.S.A.,
JSE 2009, 18(1), 93–101;
Submitted: 9 June 2025 | Revised: 9 June 2025 | Accepted: 9 June 2025 | Published: 9 June 2025
© 2025 by the Authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC-by the license) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
Abstract

In some E&P organizations, the amount of data required to image the subsurface has now risen to several terabytes per survey, especially when multiple azimuths are considered. For the processing of converted-wave data, this amount of data rises even further, by twofold or threefold, depending on the components of particle velocity under consideration. The processing time also increases severalfold. In other words, petroleum seismologists are close to reaching a brick wall, if we have not already done so, in regard to the amount of data that we can realistically collect and properly process. In my recent book on coding and decoding, I introduced the concept of multishooting to address the problem. The idea is that seismic waves can be generated from several locations simultaneously (or nearly simultaneously, by introducing small time delays between the shooting points) instead of one single-source location at a time, as is currently the case. Significant savings in time and money in acquiring, processing, and even storing seismic data can be achieved by using this concept. However, the implementation of this concept in actual data acquisition and data processing may take some time, as a number of the solutions associated with multishooting acquisition and with the processing of multishot data require significant modifications of our current practices. In this series of papers, we propose some ideas which may be less effective than the multishooting concept, but can readily be implemented without significant new developments in acquisition or processing. In this first paper, we consider data collected in the standard form (i.e., from one single-source location at a time). We propose to group these data as if they were acquired with the multishooting technique and process them as multishot data. By doing so, we reduce the size of our data and processing time.

Keywords
multishooting acquisition
multishooting processing
multiple attenuation
Kirchhoff scattering series
coding
decoding
References
  1. Ikelle, L.T., Amundsen, L., Gangi, A. and Wyatt, S., 2001. Kirchhoff scattering series: Insight into
  2. the multiple attenuation method. Geophysics, 68: 16-28.
  3. Ikelle, L.T. and Amundsen, L., 2005. An Introduction to Petroleum Seismology. Investigations in
  4. Geophysics. SEG, Tulsa, OK.
  5. Weglein, A.B. and Dragoset, W.H., 2005. Multiple Attenuation. Reprint series: Investigations in
  6. Geophysics. SEG, Tulsa, OK.
  7. 102 IKELLE
  8. Let us emphasize that the demultiple solution described in (4) and (5) and
  9. illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5 is valid, irrespective of the encoding system of
  10. mixtures. For example, we can encode the mixtures with time delays associated
  11. with single-shot points varying from one multishot array to another, even
  12. randomly varying, or with no time delays between single-shot points at all.
  13. Table 2 summarizes the key steps of this demultiple. Let us also emphasize that
  14. after the demultiple process, we can throw away the only single-shot data,
  15. Vo(Xnm>sX,), involved in these computations and carry on the imaging with
  16. demultiple multishot data only.
  17. Table 2. A summary of the key steps in demultipling single-shot data in a multishooting form.
  18. Step I: Input N x I single-shot gathers.
  19. Step 2: Create a second dataset by grouping the N x I single-shot gathers into N multishot gathers,
  20. as described in (6).
  21. Step 3: Use a demultiple algorithm like the one in (4)-(6) to attenuate free-surface multiples of
  22. multishot data. Throw away any single-shot data and carry on the remaining with multishot
  23. data only.
  24. Step 4: Use any migration algorithms for which the input data are in the shot-gather domain to
  25. estimate the velocity model and the final migration.
  26. CONCLUSIONS
  27. We have described one way of decreasing the pressure of data processing
  28. by reducing the amount of data that are output from the demultiple process and
  29. by reducing the computation time of the demultiple process. We also suggest
  30. that the imaging process occurring after the demultiple be carried out with
  31. multishot data rather than reverting to single-shot data.
  32. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
  33. We would like to thank the sponsors of the CASP project for their
  34. comments and suggestions during the review process.
  35. REFERENCES
  36. Ikelle, L.T., Amundsen, L., Gangi, A. and Wyatt, S., 2001. Kirchhoff scattering series: Insight into
  37. the multiple attenuation method. Geophysics, 68: 16-28.
  38. Ikelle, L.T. and Amundsen, L., 2005. An Introduction to Petroleum Seismology. Investigations in
  39. Geophysics. SEG, Tulsa, OK.
  40. Weglein, A.B. and Dragoset, W.H., 2005. Multiple Attenuation. Reprint series: Investigations in
  41. Geophysics. SEG, Tulsa, OK.
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Journal of Seismic Exploration, Electronic ISSN: 0963-0651 Print ISSN: 0963-0651, Published by AccScience Publishing