ARTICLE

Enhancement of seismic image quality by least squares reverse time migration case study Albertine graben south western Uganda

MUKIIBI SSEWANNYAGA IVAN1 JIAN-PING HUANG2 XINRU MU3 JIDONG YANG4
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1,3,4 Geosciences Department, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P.R. China.,
2 Pilot Laboratory for Marine Sciences and Technology, Qingdao 266000, P.R. China.,
JSE 2022, 31(6), 523–544;
Submitted: 28 February 2022 | Accepted: 14 September 2022 | Published: 1 December 2022
© 2022 by the Authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC-by the license) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
Abstract

Reverse Time Migration (RTM) is a conventional two-way wave-based method up to date known as the most popular imaging technique for complex subsurface structures. The technique uses the adjoint wave field to approximate the inverse component of the migration. The adjoint is a bit inaccurate which limits the resolution, image quality, balance of amplitudes of the final image. Least squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) is an iteration technique which can overcome the challenges faced by RTM as we incorporate the Least Square Inversion (LSI) algorithm into the RTM. Numerical tests were carried out on two models that is; multi-layer model (listric faults), positive flower structure model to validate the effectiveness of LSRTM technique in seismic imaging. Single trace comparison between the reference/true reflectivity to the RTM (LSRTM =1), LSRTM at the 10th and 30th iteration was analyzed for all the models. A clear strong positive correlation between true reflectivity and 30th iteration image was noted for all the two models in comparison with the RTM image. High convergence rates were noted after plotting the data residuals against iteration numbers. In all models a sharp decrease in the data residuals were noted before the 10th iteration followed by a gradual decline from 10th to 30th. LSRTM can greatly suppress migration artefacts, acquisition noise and amplify the signal, balance the amplitude as portrayed on the single trace comparison diagrams for all models and enhance resolution (thinner reflection events) in comparison with RTM images. The algorithm is highly sensitive to low S/N ratio noise but good images are guaranteed at high S/N ratio above 10.0 dB.

Keywords
migration
imaging
signal-to-noise ratio
inversion
Flower structure
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Journal of Seismic Exploration, Electronic ISSN: 0963-0651 Print ISSN: 0963-0651, Published by AccScience Publishing