ARTICLE

Automatic identification of carbonate karst caves using a symmetrical convolutional neural network – Part A

YUNBO HUANG JIANPING HUANG
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School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P.R. China,
Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, P.R. China,
JSE 2022, 31(5), 479–488;
Submitted: 9 June 2025 | Revised: 9 June 2025 | Accepted: 9 June 2025 | Published: 9 June 2025
© 2025 by the Authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC-by the license) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
Abstract

Huang, Y.B. and Huang, J.P., 2022. Automatic identification of carbonate karst caves using a symmetrical convolutional neural network. Journal of Seismic Exploration, 31: 479-500. Oil and gas reservoirs with cavities are often developed in carbonate rocks. Accurate karst cave identification is an important step in reservoir interpretation. Traditional methods for karst cave detection are generally performed by searching for the beadlike diffraction phenomena in seismic imaging profiles, which are time-consuming and highly dependent on human interactions. We consider the karst cave detection as an image recognition problem of labeling a 2D seismic image with ones on karst caves and zeros elsewhere. We propose an efficient end-to-end convolutional neural network to automatically identify karst caves from the seismic migration images. To train the network, several velocity models are automatically generated first through our self- defined modeling method, and the karst caves are simulated by adding diffraction points. Then these velocity models are transformed into migration imaging results by finite difference method and reverse time migration. The numerical examples show the stability and capability of the proposed network, which is capable of identifying the karst caves even with the seismic data of different qualities and different frequencies. The physical simulated data example also confirms the effectiveness of our method.

Keywords
karst cave identification
deep learning
finite difference
migration
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Journal of Seismic Exploration, Electronic ISSN: 0963-0651 Print ISSN: 0963-0651, Published by AccScience Publishing